Introduction

Macular degeneration is a common eye condition that affects many people, especially as they age. This disease can cause vision loss, making daily tasks harder. In fact, macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision problems in older adults. Understanding what it is, its causes, and symptoms can help you protect your eye health. Early detection is important for better outcomes.

What is Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration is a disease that damages the macula. The macula is a small part of the retina at the back of your eye. It helps you see fine details clearly. When the macula gets damaged, you may lose sharp, central vision. This makes it hard to read, drive, or recognize faces.

There are two main types of macular degeneration:

Dry macular degeneration: This is the most common type. It happens slowly as the macula thins over time.

Wet macular degeneration: This type is less common but more serious. It happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common form. It usually affects people over 50. According to the CDC, AMD is a major cause of vision loss in older adults.

Causes of Macular Degeneration

There are several factors that can lead to macular degeneration. While age is the biggest risk factor, other causes also play a role. Knowing these can help you take steps to protect your vision.

Age: Most cases occur in people over 50.

Family history: If someone in your family has macular degeneration, your risk is higher.

Smoking: Smoking increases your risk of developing this eye disease.

Poor diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may raise your risk.

High blood pressure: This can damage blood vessels in the eyes.

Obesity: Being overweight can increase your risk of vision loss.

Sun exposure: Too much sunlight may harm your eyes over time.

Although you cannot change your age or family history, you can make healthy choices. For example, eating a balanced diet and not smoking can help protect your eye health.

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration often develops slowly. At first, you may not notice any changes in your vision. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms become more noticeable. Early detection is key, so watch for these signs:

Blurry or fuzzy vision, especially in the center

Difficulty reading or seeing fine details

Dark or empty spots in the center of your vision

Straight lines appearing wavy or bent

Colors looking less bright than before

Sometimes, symptoms appear in one eye first. Because the other eye may still see well, you might not notice the problem right away. For this reason, regular eye exams are important, especially if you are over 50 or have risk factors.

Conclusion

In summary, macular degeneration is a serious eye condition that can lead to central vision loss if not identified early. While age-related macular degeneration is the most common form, understanding its causes and symptoms helps you take timely action. Protecting your eye health is important at every stage of life.

For personalised guidance, accurate diagnosis, and advanced management options, consult the eye specialists at Nethraa Eye Hospital.

Early evaluation can help preserve your sight—prioritise your eye health today.