Understanding Cataract: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is a Cataract?

A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye. This cloudiness can make it hard to see clearly. Because the lens helps focus light, a cataract can blur your vision. Over time, cataracts can grow and affect daily life. In fact, cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Anyone can develop a cataract, but it is more common as people age. If you notice changes in your vision, you may want to learn more about cataract symptoms and treatment options.

Common Symptoms of Cataract

Cataracts often develop slowly. At first, you may not notice any symptoms. However, as the cataract grows, you might see changes in your vision. For example, you may notice:Blurry or cloudy visionColors that look faded or yellowGlare or halos around lights, especially at nightDifficulty seeing at nightDouble vision in one eyeFrequent changes in your glasses or contact lens prescription

Because these symptoms can affect daily tasks, it is important to watch for them. If you notice any of these signs, you should see an eye specialist soon.

Causes and Risk Factors

Although aging is the most common cause of cataracts, other factors can also play a role. For instance, some people are born with cataracts, while others develop them after an eye injury. Here are some common causes and risk factors:Getting olderFamily history of cataractsDiabetes or high blood sugarSmokingToo much time in the sun without eye protectionUsing certain medicines, like steroids, for a long timePrevious eye surgery or injury

Because some risk factors can be managed, making healthy choices may help lower your risk. However, some causes, like age or family history, cannot be changed.

How Cataracts are Diagnosed

To diagnose a cataract, an eye doctor will do a full eye exam. First, the doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, they will check your vision and look at your eyes with special lights and lenses. Some common tests include:Visual acuity test to check how well you see letters or symbolsSlit-lamp exam to look at the front parts of your eyeRetinal exam to see the back of your eye

Because these tests are simple and painless, you can get a clear answer about your eye health. Early diagnosis helps you find the best cataract treatment options.

Treatment Options for Cataract

At first, you may not need treatment if your cataract is mild. Sometimes, changing your glasses or using brighter lights can help. However, as the cataract grows, surgery may become the best option. Cataract surgery is safe and common. During the procedure, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens. Most people see better soon after surgery. In fact, cataract surgery options have improved over the years, making recovery faster and easier. Your eye doctor will help you decide when surgery is right for you.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot always prevent cataracts, some steps may help lower your risk. For example, you can:Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sunEat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetablesQuit smoking if you smokeManage health problems like diabetesHave regular eye exams, especially as you age

Because early action can make a difference, it is wise to follow these tips. Preventing cataracts may not always be possible, but healthy habits support your overall eye health.